Prior to the new Act coming into force, conditional fee agreements between attorneys and litigants and funding agreements between third party funders and litigants require the approval of the court.

Litigants have been slow to adopt these funding arrangements. This may be because the requirement for court approval added an additional layer of cost and, in circumstances where the developing case law did not set clear parameters for acceptable funding arrangements, there was sufficient uncertainty as to whether approval would be given.

The Act provides a straightforward statutory framework for these arrangements, which should reduce the "transaction costs" and uncertainties of implementation, and make them much more attractive to litigants, funders and attorneys going forward.

• It applies to civil proceedings (including proceedings in the Financial Services Division of the Grand Court) and arbitration proceedings, but not to criminal proceedings and certain family law proceedings.
• It repeals the common law offences of maintenance and champerty.
• It permits both contingency and conditional fee agreements between litigants and attorneys within prescribed parameters without court approval. Any success fee component payable to the attorney under a conditional fee agreement cannot exceed (1) 100 per cent of the attorney’s normal fees and (2) in respect of money claims, a prescribed percentage (to be provided for in the yet to be published regulations) of the amount awarded. The regulations will also provide a cap on the amount payable to an attorney under a contingent fee agreement. The court can approve a higher cap for both contingent and conditional fee agreements (having regard to the nature and complexity of the proceeding, and the expense or risk involved) of up to 40 per cent of the amount awarded. The agreement must be in writing and provide the client with a 14 day cooling off period.
• It permits third party funding agreements between litigants and funders within prescribed parameters. The fee payable to the funder may be calculated by reference to either (1) the costs of the proceeding plus an amount calculated by reference to the funder’s anticipated expenditure or (2) a percentage of the amount or the value of the property recovered in the proceedings. Unlike contingency and conditional fee agreements, the Act does not set limits on how much the funder can recover.